Biogas is a mixed gas produced by microbial fermentation under anaerobic conditions. Marsh gas, as the name suggests, is marsh gas. People often see, in the swamp, sewage or cesspool, there are bubbles out, if we strike a match, it can be lit, this is the nature of natural gas. This gas is called marsh gas because it was first found in marshes. Human and animal manure, straw, sewage and other organic matter in the closed biogas tank, in the anaerobic (no oxygen) fermentation conditions, by a wide variety of biogas fermentation microbial decomposition and transformation, so as to produce biogas. [1]
Biogas is a mixture of gases with properties similar to natural gas. In addition to direct combustion for cooking, drying agricultural and sideline products, heating, lighting and gas welding, biogas can also be used as fuel for internal combustion engines and production of methanol, formalin, carbon tetrachloride and other chemical raw materials. The liquid and sediment from the biogas plant after fermentation contain rich nutrients, which can be used as fertilizer and feed. [2]
The main component of biogas is methane. Biogas is composed of 50% to 80% methane (CH4), 20% to 40% carbon dioxide (CO2), 0% to 5% nitrogen (N2), less than 1% hydrogen (H2), less than 0.4% oxygen (O2) and 0.1% to 3% hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Biogas is slightly smelly because it contains a small amount of hydrogen sulfide. Its properties are similar to those of natural gas. An explosive mixture is formed when the air contains 8.6-20.8% (by volume) methane.
Methane, the main ingredient in biogas, is an ideal gaseous fuel. The calorific value of pure methane per cubic meter is 34,000 kilojoules, and that of methane per cubic meter is about 20800 to 23,600 kilojoules. That is, 1 cubic meter of methane gas completely burned, can produce the equivalent of 0.7 kg anthracite provided by the heat. Compared with other gas, it has better antiknock performance and is a good clean fuel.
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